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The newly reported HIV infected cases was collected, and HIV blood samples were detected to identify recent HIV infection in Tianjin during 2008-2015. Factors associated with HIV-1 infection were analyzed by the univariate and multivariate unconditional logistic regression. The recent HIV-1 infection proportion of homosexuals increased from 37.70% in 2008 to 83.68% in 2015. Those cases who aged ≤30 years (OR=1.53, 95%CI: 1.30-1.79), in han ethnic group (OR=1.40, 95%CI: 1.02-1.91), students (OR=1.79, 95%CI: 1.28-2.51) were more likely to be recent infected. The cases who had a high school education (OR=1.28, 95%CI: 1.05-1.56) or collage education (OR=1.23, 95%CI: 1.00-1.50) were more likely to be recent infected than those who had a primary school education. Compared with patients identified by hospitals, the recent HIV infections were more likely to be found through voluntary counseling and testing (VCT), STD outpatients, men who have sex with men (MSM) investigation and unpaid blood donors. Homosexual transmission has become the major route of HIV-1 recent infection in Tianjin.
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Objective@#To evaluate the clinical application of a novel HIV-1 DNA reagent.@*Methods@#HIV-1-infected and non-infected human blood samples were selected, as well as weakly positive samples, indeterminate samples, specific samples. Compared the result of HIV-1 DNA reagent with HIV-1 infection status (refer to the National Guideline for Detection of HIV/AIDS (2015)), the accuracy of the HIV-1 DNA reagent was evaluated in clinical application; Meanwhile, the commercially available RNA quantification kit was selected as reference reagent for parallel detection, and then the consistency and differences were evaluated between HIV-1 DNA reagent and RNA quantification reagent.@*Results@#A total of 95 whole blood samples were tested by the HIV-1 DNA reagent. Taking the HIV-1 infection status as the reference standard, the result showed that the positive agreement rate was 100% (95%CI: 93.94%-100%), the negative agreement rate was 100% (95%CI: 90.26%-100%), and the overall agreement rate was 100% (95%CI: 96.19%-100%). The Kappa value was 1 (95%CI: 1.00-1.00). The HIV-1 DNA reagent could detect weakly positive samples and indeterminate samples of early infection, and could effectively distinguish false-positive samples tested by the Ag-Ab reagent. The specific samples had no false-positive result .@*Conclusions@#The result of HIV-1 DNA reagent were consistent with the HIV-1 infection status. It can be considered as equivalent to the HIV-1 detection reagent commercially available in our country. It can effectively identify the indeterminate samples in the early infection. Compared with the RNA quantification reagent, it can effectively detect HIV-1 DNA of virus reservoirs.
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Objective To understand the immunological and virological characteristics of HIV-1 infected men who have sex with men (MSM) in the acute phase in Tianjin and evaluate the effects of the fourth generation HIV ELISA and the P24 ELISA for acute HIV-1 infected samples.Methods From October 2015 to October 2016,MSM were recruited through the community-based organizations in Tianjin.All the participants received rapid HIV test,positive samples were confirmed by Western Blot and negative samples underwent pooled nucleic acid testing.The participants with HIV-1 RNA reactive result underwent testing for viral load and T-cell count after second blood collection.Acute HIV-1 infection was defined as negative rapid HIV test result and the positive results of two HIV RNA tests,then the sensitivity were compared between the fourth generation HIV ELISA and the P24 ELISA to detect the initial HIV-1 RNA positive samples.Results Among 3 016 MSM screened,193 were positive in rapid HIV test.Western blot testing indicated that 179 cases were HIV positive,7 cases were HIV indeterminate and 7 eases were negative.Of 2 823 sero-negative cases,17 were acute HIV-1 infections.The HIV-1 infection rate was 6.53％ (197/3 016) and the acute HIV-1 infection rate was 0.56％ (17/3 016),with an average viral load of (5.63 ± 1.50) log10 copies/ml,an average CD4 count of (442.82 ± 268.17) cells/μl,an average CD8 count of (1 069.65 ± 668.22) cells/μl and an average CD4/CD8 ratio of (0.49 ± 0.25).Higher viral load,CD4 and CD4/CD8 ratio were seen in the acute HIV-1 infection group compared with the chronic HIV-1 infection group (U=148,P＜0.01;U=272,P=0.042 and t=3.147,P=0.005).Demographic characteristics were similar between two groups,except the occupation (x2=11.016,P=0.026).The sensitivity of P24 ELISA was higher than the fourth generation HIV ELISA in the H1V-1 detection for acute infection (Fisher's exact test,P=0.017).Conclusions MSM are at risk for acute HIV-1 infection.Screening for acute HIV-1 infection with P24 ELISA would increase the sensitivity of diagnosis and reduce HIV transmission in MSM.
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Objective To understand prevalence and transmission of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) among HIV infected men who have sex with men (MSM) in Tianjin from 2014 to 2017.Methods A total of 225 blood samples were collected from HIV infected MSM in Tianjin from 2014 to 2017.Pol gene fragments were obtained by viral RNA extraction and nested PCR amplification.Phylogenetic and drug resistance analyses were conducted.Results A total of 205 samples were successfully sequenced and analyzed.Based on pol sequences,53.2％ (109/205),28.8％ (59/205),10.2％ (21/205),4.9％ (10/205) and 2.9％ (6/205) of the samples were positive for HIV subtypes CRF0 1_AE,CRF07_BC,B,CRF55_01B and unique recombinant forms (URFs).Twenty transmission clusters,including 75 sequences,were identified and 62.5％ (10/16) of sequences with TDR were in 5 clusters.The prevalence of TDR was 7.8％ between 2014 and 2017.The annual prevalence rate increased from 3.9％ (2/51) in 2014,5.7％ (3/53) in 2015,9.6％ (5/52) in 2016 to 12.2％(6/49) in 2017,the difference was not significant (x2=2.504,P=0.127).CRF01_AE and B strains had high TDR prevalence (3.4％,7/205) and (2.9％,6/205),respectively.The TDR mutation was mainly NNRTIs,the TDR prevalence was 6.3％ (13/205).In contract,the TDR prevalence of NRTIs and PIs were 1.5％ (3/205) and 1.0％ (2/205) respectively.Conclusion Results from this study suggested that the prevalence of HIV-1 TDR strains in MSM was serious in Tianjin.It is necessary to take effective prevention and control measures.
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Objective To understand the immunological and virological characteristics of HIV-1 infected men who have sex with men (MSM) in the acute phase in Tianjin and evaluate the effects of the fourth generation HIV ELISA and the P24 ELISA for acute HIV-1 infected samples.Methods From October 2015 to October 2016,MSM were recruited through the community-based organizations in Tianjin.All the participants received rapid HIV test,positive samples were confirmed by Western Blot and negative samples underwent pooled nucleic acid testing.The participants with HIV-1 RNA reactive result underwent testing for viral load and T-cell count after second blood collection.Acute HIV-1 infection was defined as negative rapid HIV test result and the positive results of two HIV RNA tests,then the sensitivity were compared between the fourth generation HIV ELISA and the P24 ELISA to detect the initial HIV-1 RNA positive samples.Results Among 3 016 MSM screened,193 were positive in rapid HIV test.Western blot testing indicated that 179 cases were HIV positive,7 cases were HIV indeterminate and 7 eases were negative.Of 2 823 sero-negative cases,17 were acute HIV-1 infections.The HIV-1 infection rate was 6.53％ (197/3 016) and the acute HIV-1 infection rate was 0.56％ (17/3 016),with an average viral load of (5.63 ± 1.50) log10 copies/ml,an average CD4 count of (442.82 ± 268.17) cells/μl,an average CD8 count of (1 069.65 ± 668.22) cells/μl and an average CD4/CD8 ratio of (0.49 ± 0.25).Higher viral load,CD4 and CD4/CD8 ratio were seen in the acute HIV-1 infection group compared with the chronic HIV-1 infection group (U=148,P＜0.01;U=272,P=0.042 and t=3.147,P=0.005).Demographic characteristics were similar between two groups,except the occupation (x2=11.016,P=0.026).The sensitivity of P24 ELISA was higher than the fourth generation HIV ELISA in the H1V-1 detection for acute infection (Fisher's exact test,P=0.017).Conclusions MSM are at risk for acute HIV-1 infection.Screening for acute HIV-1 infection with P24 ELISA would increase the sensitivity of diagnosis and reduce HIV transmission in MSM.
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Objective To understand prevalence and transmission of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) among HIV infected men who have sex with men (MSM) in Tianjin from 2014 to 2017.Methods A total of 225 blood samples were collected from HIV infected MSM in Tianjin from 2014 to 2017.Pol gene fragments were obtained by viral RNA extraction and nested PCR amplification.Phylogenetic and drug resistance analyses were conducted.Results A total of 205 samples were successfully sequenced and analyzed.Based on pol sequences,53.2％ (109/205),28.8％ (59/205),10.2％ (21/205),4.9％ (10/205) and 2.9％ (6/205) of the samples were positive for HIV subtypes CRF0 1_AE,CRF07_BC,B,CRF55_01B and unique recombinant forms (URFs).Twenty transmission clusters,including 75 sequences,were identified and 62.5％ (10/16) of sequences with TDR were in 5 clusters.The prevalence of TDR was 7.8％ between 2014 and 2017.The annual prevalence rate increased from 3.9％ (2/51) in 2014,5.7％ (3/53) in 2015,9.6％ (5/52) in 2016 to 12.2％(6/49) in 2017,the difference was not significant (x2=2.504,P=0.127).CRF01_AE and B strains had high TDR prevalence (3.4％,7/205) and (2.9％,6/205),respectively.The TDR mutation was mainly NNRTIs,the TDR prevalence was 6.3％ (13/205).In contract,the TDR prevalence of NRTIs and PIs were 1.5％ (3/205) and 1.0％ (2/205) respectively.Conclusion Results from this study suggested that the prevalence of HIV-1 TDR strains in MSM was serious in Tianjin.It is necessary to take effective prevention and control measures.
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Objective To prepare quercetin liposome and to explore the antitumor effect of quercetin liposome.Methods The cholesterol and lecithin were used as membrane materials,quercetin nano liposome was prepared by thin film ultrasound method.The zeta potential and particle size distribution of quercetin liposome were tested by Malvern laser particle size analyzer and transmission electron microscope respectively.In order to explore the anti-tumor effect of quercetin nano-liposome,the mouse model of cervical cancer was established.After tail vein injection of quercetin and quercetin nano-liposome for 15 days,the tumor inhibitory rate,the thymus (spleen) index were analyzed,and the pathology of tumor tissues was further observed.Results Under the condition of lecithin∶cholesterol ∶ quercetin =8 ∶ 2 ∶ 1,the hydration time of 15 min and the ultrasonic time of 15 min,the quercetin nano-liposome was prepared,and the particle size distribution was uniform and the potential was-10.8.The tumor inhibitory rate of quercetin nano-liposome treatment group was 54.16％,which was significantly higher than that of the quercetin treatment group (x2 =6.477,P ＜ 0.05).The pathology results of the tumor tissues showed that nanocrystallization of quercetin could increase the anti-cancer effect of quercetin.Conclusion Both quercetin and quercetin nano-liposome exhibit significant effect on the tumor growth,and the inhibitory rate is increased after quercetin was nanocrystallization.Our study will provide theoretical basis for the application of quercetin nano-liposome in the treatment of cervical cancer.
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Objective To understand the characteristics on the diversity of HIV subtypes and related transmission in Tianjin.Methods A total of 77 newly diagnosed ART-na(i)ve HIV infectors in 2015 were screened by CD4 +T cell counts ≥200 cells/μl.Viral RNAs were extracted from plasma samples.Reverse transcription PCR and nested PCR were used to analyze the amplification of pol and env gene fragments,sequencing,and related bioinformatics information.Results 46.03％ (29/63),30.16％ (19/63),11.11％ (7/63),4.76％ (3/63) and 7.94％ (5/63) of the individuals were infected under HIV subtypes CRF01_AE,CRF07_BC,B,CRF55_01B and URFs,with sexual transmission as the major mode of infection.CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC strains were predominant in both MSM and HST populations.The patterns of subtype distribution did not show statistical differences other than subtype B and CRF55_01B strain among HSTs.The proportion of CRFs increased significantly to 88.89％.8 new second-generation recombinant forms were identified the first time,including 3 CRF55_01B,2 AE/BC,1 AE/B and 1AE/B/C among MSMs and 1 AE/BC among HSTs.5.3％ of the NNRTI L100I HIV infectors transmitted the drug-resistant-mutation strain.3 linkages related to HIV transmission were confirmed through phylogenetic analysis with Bootstrap ≥98％ of pol and ≥80％of env.Conclusion The increasing complexity of HIV had been noticed in Tianjin,including the prevalence and transmission of second-generation recombinant and drug-resistant strains through different routes of transmission and in different regions.
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Objective To evaluate the auxiliary diagnostic value of viral load test for samples with indeterminate HIV antibody detection results.Methods Thirty-two samples with indeterminate HIV antibody detection results collected from MSM were used for two viral load tests in Tianjin in 2015.Follow up was conducted for this population to confirm their HIV infection status.Results Virus loads were detected in the 2 viral load tests.In the follow-up survey,the results of HIV antibody test of all the samples were positive.The results of viral load test were completely consistent with those of HIIV antibody confirmation test.Conclusion The viral load test was effective in the auxiliary diagnosis of HIV infection in window phase,which can be used for the samples with indeterminate HIV antibody detection results.
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Objective To understand the characteristics on the diversity of HIV subtypes and related transmission in Tianjin.Methods A total of 77 newly diagnosed ART-na(i)ve HIV infectors in 2015 were screened by CD4 +T cell counts ≥200 cells/μl.Viral RNAs were extracted from plasma samples.Reverse transcription PCR and nested PCR were used to analyze the amplification of pol and env gene fragments,sequencing,and related bioinformatics information.Results 46.03％ (29/63),30.16％ (19/63),11.11％ (7/63),4.76％ (3/63) and 7.94％ (5/63) of the individuals were infected under HIV subtypes CRF01_AE,CRF07_BC,B,CRF55_01B and URFs,with sexual transmission as the major mode of infection.CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC strains were predominant in both MSM and HST populations.The patterns of subtype distribution did not show statistical differences other than subtype B and CRF55_01B strain among HSTs.The proportion of CRFs increased significantly to 88.89％.8 new second-generation recombinant forms were identified the first time,including 3 CRF55_01B,2 AE/BC,1 AE/B and 1AE/B/C among MSMs and 1 AE/BC among HSTs.5.3％ of the NNRTI L100I HIV infectors transmitted the drug-resistant-mutation strain.3 linkages related to HIV transmission were confirmed through phylogenetic analysis with Bootstrap ≥98％ of pol and ≥80％of env.Conclusion The increasing complexity of HIV had been noticed in Tianjin,including the prevalence and transmission of second-generation recombinant and drug-resistant strains through different routes of transmission and in different regions.
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Objective To evaluate the auxiliary diagnostic value of viral load test for samples with indeterminate HIV antibody detection results.Methods Thirty-two samples with indeterminate HIV antibody detection results collected from MSM were used for two viral load tests in Tianjin in 2015.Follow up was conducted for this population to confirm their HIV infection status.Results Virus loads were detected in the 2 viral load tests.In the follow-up survey,the results of HIV antibody test of all the samples were positive.The results of viral load test were completely consistent with those of HIIV antibody confirmation test.Conclusion The viral load test was effective in the auxiliary diagnosis of HIV infection in window phase,which can be used for the samples with indeterminate HIV antibody detection results.
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Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of the level of plasma D-dimer,high-density lipoprotein (HDL),carcino embryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 724 (CA724) in gastric cancer.Methods The plasma and clinicopathological data of 103 gastric cancer patients and 111 normal controls were collected.The levels of D-dimer,HDL,CEA and CA724 were detected.SPSS 13.0 statistical software was applied to analysis the sensitivity and specificity of each examination method and to find out the appropriate combination.Results The levels of D-dimer,CEA and CA724 in patients with gastric carcinoma were 0.87 (2.69) μg/ml,2.66 (4.38) ng/ml,5.10 (7.79) U/ml,respectively,they were distinctly higher than those in normal controls [0.22 (0.21) μg/ml,1.28 (1.60) ng/ml,1.81 (1.60) U/ml,all P =0.000].HDL level was significantly lower in patients than that in normal controls [0.86 (0.35) mmol/L vs 1.29 (0.44) mmol/L,P=0.000].The area ofROC curve of D-dimer,HDL,CEA,CA724 were 0.799,0.859,0.739,0.743,respectively.The cut-off of D-dimer was 0.46 μ.g/ml,the sensitivity was 68.0 ％,the specificity was 86.5 ％.The cut-off of HDL was 0.995 mmol/L,the sensitivity was 73.8 ％,the specificity was 84.7 ％.The cut-off of CEA was 3.585 ng/ml,the sensitivity was 44.7 ％,the specificity was 92.0 ％.The cut-off of CA724 was 3.765 U/ml,the sensitivity was 57.3 ％,the specificity was 89.2 ％.The sensitivity of D-dimer+HDL+CA724 was 83.5 ％,the specificity was 89.2 ％.The sensitivity and specificity of D-dimer+HDL+CEA+CA724 were 84.5 ％ and 89.2 ％,respectively.Conclusions The D-dimer+HDL+CEA+CA724 may provide the evidence for diagnosis of gastric cancer.Combined detection has higher sensitivity and specificity.
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Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of the level of plasma D-dimer, lipoproteins and carcino-embry-onic antigen(CEA) in gastrointestinal cancer.Methods The plasma D-dimer ,lipoproteins,CEA and clinicopathological data of 139 gastrointestinal cancer patients and 155 normal controls were collected and analyzed .Lipoproteins included high-density lipoprotein(HDL),low-density lipoprotein(LDL) and lipoprotein a[LP(a)].SPSS 13.0 statistical software was used to analyze the sensitivity and specificity of each examination method and to find the appropriate combination .Results The plasma D-dimer,LDL,LP( a) and CEA levels were distinctly higher in patients than those in normal controls ( P<0.001).HDL levels were significantly lower in patients than those in normal controls (P<0.001).The cutoff of D-dimer was 0.495 μg/ml , the sensitivity of D-dimer was 62.6%,and the specificity was 86.5%.The cutoff of HDL was 1.025 mmol/L, the sensitivity was 72.7%,and the specificity was 85.2%.The cutoff of LDL was 3.375 mmol/L, the sensitivity was 54%,and the specificity was 82.6%.The cutoff of LP(a) was 27.3 mg/dl, the sensitivity was 58.3%,and the speci-ficity was 87.1%.The cutoff of CEA was 2.14 ng/ml, the sensitivity was 59.7%,and the specificity was 76.8%.The sensitivity and specificity of HDL +CEA were 77.7%and 88.4%, respectively.The sensitivity and specificity of HDL +D-dimer were 70.5% and 96.1%, respectively.The sensitivity of HDL +LP(a) was 76.3%,and the specificity was 93.5%.The sensitivity of D-dimer +HDL+LP(a) was 84.2%,and the specificity was 92.3%.The sensitivity of D-dimer +HDL+CEA was 87.1%, and the specificity was 85.8%.The sensitivity and specificity of HDL +LP(a) +CEA were 85.6%and 92.3%, respectively.The sensitivity of D-dimer +HDL+CEA +LP(a) was 89.9%while the specificity was 92.3%.Conclusions Plasma D-dimer and lipoproteins can serve as tumor markers in gastrointestinal cancer .Combined detection has higher sensitivity and specificity .
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Objective To investigate the significance of plasma D-dimers,high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and apolipoprotein a (LP (a)) of patients with gastrointestinal cancer.Methods One hundred and thirty-nine cases with gastrointestinal cancer and 155 healthy persons were selected as subjects.Latex enhanced immunoassays method was used to measure the D dimer concentration.Direct method was applied to detect the levels of serum HDL-C,LDL-C,LP (a)Chemiluminescence method was applied to detect serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)concentration.Determine the sensitivity and specificity of each index in gastrointestinal cancer,and explore the relationship between the concentration and the lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis.Results The levels of D-dimer,LDL-C,LP (a),CEA in patients with gastrointestinal carcinoma were 0.80 (2.37) mg/L,3.46 (1.46) mmol/L,317 (262) mg/L,2.61 (3.62) μ,g/L respectively,significant higher than those of health control(0.21 (0.22) mg/L,2.86 (0.98) mtmol/L,139 (187) g/L,1.29 (1.42) μg/L respectively; Z =-8.388,-6.150,-8.589,-7.142,P ＜0.001).The level of HDL-C in gastrointestinal cancer patients was 0.86(0.38) mmoL/L,lower than that of health control(1.29(1.42) mmol/L; Z =-10.643,P ＜0.001)The area of ROC curve of D-dimmer,HDL-C,LDL-C,LP (a),CEA were 0.783,0.859,0.708,0.790,0.741 respectively.Compared with area of ROC curve of CEA,that of D-dimer,LDL-C,LP(a) were significant different (Z =1.110,0.809,1.257 ; P =0.27,0.42,0.21).Compared with CEA AUC,HDL-C AUC was significant different (Z =3.225,P =0.0013).Compared with patients with no lymph node metastasis,the levels of D-dimers,LDL-C,LP (a) in patients with lymph node metastasis were higher (P =0.003,0.002,0.005 respectively).And the concentration of HDL-C decreased significantly (P =0.001).Compared with patients without metastases,serum D-dimer,LDL-CLP (a) concentration in patients with distant metastasis were significant higher(P ＜ 0.001) and the concentration of HDL-C decreased (P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion The levels of D-dimer and lipoprotein might be proved the base for diagnosis or assessment of gastrointestinal malignant tumor.
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A total of 101 patients undergoing operations for malignant gastrointestinal tumors (stage Ⅱ to Ⅲ) were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive intraperitoneal hyperthermal chemotherapy plus intravenous chemical injection (treatment group, n=51) or routine intravenous chemical injection (control group, n=50). Our results indicated that the recurrence rate and the metastatic rate in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group (25.5% vs. 50.0%, 13.7% vs. 30.0%, both P< 0. 05), although the 3-and 5 year-survival rates were significantly higher (both P < 0. 05). Our data suggest that intraperitaneal hyperthermal chemotherapy plus general chemotherapy after surgery for malignant gastrointestinal tumors could effectively reduce tumor recurrence and metastases and improve long-term survival.
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Sixty-one patients with moderate to severe malignant ascites were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive intraperitoneal hyperthermal chemotherapy+intravenous chemical injection (treatment group; n=31) or routine intravenous chemical injection (control group; n=30). Short-term response and reverse effects were observed. Our results indicated that the complete remission rate, part remission rate,and clinical benefit rate in the treatment group was significantly higher than those in the control group (38.71% vs 13.33% ,41.94% vs 16. 67%, and 90.32% vs 66.67%, respectively). No difference in reverse effects was found between the two groups. Our data suggest that intraperitoneal hyperthermal chemotherapy plus general chemotherapy may effectively control the malignant ascites, and the reverse effects might be well tolerated.
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Objective To investigate the expression of of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) in human gastric carcinoma and to identify the significance of COX2 expression. Methods COX-2 protein expressions were deteced in 12 nomal gastric mucosa and 40 gastric carcinoma tissues by immunohistochemistry.Results The expression of COX-2 in gastric carcinoma tissues(87.5%) was significantly higher than that in normal gastric mucosa(25.0%)(P
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Aim To evaluate the clinical application of propofol in critical patients with mechanical ventilation. Methods22 patients with mechanical ventilation after major operation were randomly divided into control group and propofol group patient in the propofol group were continually transfused with propofol by micro pump. Clinical manifestations, blood pressure, heart rate and the concentration of epinephrine (E)and norepinephrine (NE) in patients of both groups were observed. Results The patients in propofol group were all in sleeping state, while those in the control group had evidently higher blood pressure,heart rate and the concentration of epinephrine and norepinephrine after wearing of ventilator. There was a significant difference between the two groups ( P＜0.05) . Conclusion Propofol can make the critical patients quiet and inasleepingstate,inhilitthereleaseof epinephrine and norepinephrine, which rescdt in hemodynamic stability.
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Objective: To investigate the vaccine potency of GM-CSF anchored B16 tumor cells. Methods: In this study, mGM-CSF was expressed on surface of B16 mice melanoma cells by GPI-modifying. C57BL/6 mice were inoculated with GM-CSF anchored cells and wide-type B16 cells to evaluate whether the GM-CSF anchored cells could elicit a protective and systemtic antitumor response. Results: GM-CSF anchored cells resulted in remarkable loss of tumorgenicity in syngenetic mice. The tumor occurrence rate of GM-CSF anchored B16 cells was 58. 8% on C57BL/6 mice with 1 ? 106 B16 cells/mice inoculated ( n = 12) and that of wide-type B16 cells was 100% , The C57BL/6 mice receiving inoculation with 5 ? 105GM-CSF anchored cells/mice never grew tumor. These mice were challenged with wide-type B16 cells, and only a minority of mice grew tumor after wide-type B16 cells inoculation. Conclusion:GM-CSF protein anchored cells could elicit a protective and systemtic antitumor responses.
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Objective:To investigate the expression of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) in colorectal carcinoma tissues,and understand its clinical significance.Methods:The immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression of COX-2 in the 43 tissues of colorectal cancer and 14 tissues of normal mocusa.Results:Positive expression of COX-2 was detected in 83.72% of colorectal cancerous tissues and in 14.29% of normal tissues and there was significant difference in expression of COX-2 between cancer tissues and normal tissues(P0.05).Conclusion:COX-2 was overexpressed in colorectal carcinoma.COX-2 maybe play an important role in carcinogenesis and progression of colorectal carcinoma.